Microbiota intestinal: origen y desarrollo. Modulación a través de la intervención dietética
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Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero . Facultad de Humanidades, Ciencias Sociales y de la Salud. Revista Científico-Académica YACHAY
Resumen
La composición y actividad de la microbiota intestinal humana resulta de interacciones complejas que incluyen el genoma del huésped, su estado nutricional, hábitos sociales, entre otros. Investigaciones científicas recientes sugieren que las alteraciones de la microbiota intestinal conducen a trastornos inmunes y metabólicos que contribuyen al desarrollo de enfermedades no transmisibles tales como obesidad, síndrome metabólico, diabetes e incluso autismo y depresión. Este artículo revisa el origen y la composición de la microbiota intestinal, con especial énfasis en la colonización natural y desarrollo del microbioma neonatal, así como los impactos ejercidos por los antibióticos, el tipo de parto y de alimentación. Por último, se discuten algunas estrategias para la restauración del equilibrio microbiano. Una comprensión más profunda de estos conceptos permitirá optimizar estrategias terapéuticas que permitan manipular la microbiota para combatir enfermedades y mejorar la salud.
The composition and activity of the human intestinal microbiota results from complex interactions that include the host genome, its nutritional status, social habits, among others. Recent scientific research suggests that intestinal microbiota disturbances lead to immune and metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and even autism and depression. This paper reviews the origin and development of the intestinal microbiota, including the natural colonization and assembly of the neonatal microbiome as well as the impacts exerted by antibiotics, types of delivery and feeding. Then, potential strategies for restoration of these microbiota insults are also discussed. A deeper understanding of these concepts will optimize therapeutic strategies that allow modulating the composition of the microbiota to improve health.
The composition and activity of the human intestinal microbiota results from complex interactions that include the host genome, its nutritional status, social habits, among others. Recent scientific research suggests that intestinal microbiota disturbances lead to immune and metabolic disorders that contribute to the development of noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, metabolic syndrome, diabetes and even autism and depression. This paper reviews the origin and development of the intestinal microbiota, including the natural colonization and assembly of the neonatal microbiome as well as the impacts exerted by antibiotics, types of delivery and feeding. Then, potential strategies for restoration of these microbiota insults are also discussed. A deeper understanding of these concepts will optimize therapeutic strategies that allow modulating the composition of the microbiota to improve health.
Filiacion del Creador:
Fil: Bustos, Ana Yanina. Universidad Nacional de Santiago del Estero. FHCSYS; Argentina
Palabras clave
Microbiota intestinal, Colonización, Leche Materna, Probióticos, Prebióticos, Intestinal microbiota, Colonization, Breast milk, Probiotics, Prebiotics